A-level Mathematics (Statistics)

Full Revision Notes
(OCR A Syllabus)

Statistical Sampling

  • Understand and be able to use the terms population and sample.
  • Be able to use samples to make informal inferences about the population.
  • Understand and be able to use sampling techniques including simple random sampling and opportunity sampling.
  • Select or critique sampling technqiues in the context of solving a statistical problem.
  • Understand that different samples can lead to different conclusions about the population.
  • Be familiar with and be able to critique systematic, stratified, cluster and quota sampling.

Data Presentation and Interpretation

  • Interpret tables and diagrams for single-variable data: vertical line charts, dot plots, bar charts, stem-and-leaf diagrams, box-and-whisker plots, cumulative frequency diagrams and histograms.
  • Understand, in context, the advantages and disadvantages of different statistical diagrams.
  • Interpret scatter diagrams and regression lines for bivariate data.
  • Recognise scatter diagram which include distinct sections of the population.
  • Understand informal interpretation of correlation.
  • Understand that correlation does not imply causation.
  • Calculate and interpret measures of central tendency and variation including mean,median,mode,percentile,quartile,inter-quartile range, standard deviation and variance.
  • Understand standard deviation is the root mean square deviation from the mean.
  • Use the mean and standard deviation to compare distributions.
  • Calculate mean and standard deviation from a list of data, from summary statistics or a frequency distribution using calculator statistical functions.
  • Understand in the case of grouped frequency distribution the calculated mean and standard deviation are estimates.
  • Recognise and be able to interpet possible outliers in data sets and statistical diagrams.
  • Select or critique data presentation techniques in the context of a statistical problem.
  • Be able to clean data, including dealing with missing data, errors and outliers.

Probability

Introduction

  • Understand and be able to use mutually exclusive and independent events when calculating probabilities.
  • Use appropriate diagrams to assist in the calculation of probabilities, including tree diagrams, sample space diagrams and Venn diagrams.

Set Notation

  • Understand and use set notation and venn diagrams.

Conditional Probability

  • Understand and be able to use conditional probabilty, including the use of tree diagrams, Venn diagrams and two-way tables.
  • Understand the concept of conditial probability and calculate it from first principles in given contexts.
  • Understand and be able to use the conditional probability formula.

Modelling Examples

  • Be able to model with probability including critiquing asssumptions made and the likely effect of more realistic assumptions.

Statistical Distributions

Discrete Probability Distributions

  • Understand and be able to use simple, finite, discrete probability distributions, defined in the form of a table or formula

Binomial Probability Distributions

  • Understand and be able to use the binomial distribution as a model.
  • Be able to calculate the probabilities using the binomial distribution, using appropriate calculator functions.
  • Understand and be able to use the formula for probability and notation.
  • Understand the conditions for a random variable to havve a binomial distribution.
  • Be able to identify which of the modelling conditions/assumptions are relevant to a given scenario and explain them in context.
  • Understand the distinction between conditions and assumptions.

Normal Distributions

  • Understand and be able to use the normal distribution as a model.
  • Understand and be able to use the notation for a normal distribution.
  • Be able to find probabilities using the normal distribution using appropriate calculator functions.
  • Understand links to histograms, mean and standard deviation.
  • Understand the standard normal distribution and the transformation.
  • Know and be able to use the facts about a normal distribution and the amount of data contained within standard deviations of the mean.
  • The equation of the normal curve is excluded.
  • Be able to select an appropriate probability distribution for a context with appropriate reasoning.
  • Recognise when the binomial or normal may model may not be appropriate.
  • Understand that a given binomial distribution with large n can be approximated by a normal distribution.

Statistical Hypothesis Testing

The Language of Hypothesis Testing

Hypothesis Testing and the Binomial Distribution

Hypothesis Testing and the Normal Distribution

Hypothesis Testing using Pearson's Correlation Coefficient