- Understand and be able to use the terms population and sample.
- Be able to use samples to make informal inferences about the population.
- Understand and be able to use sampling techniques including simple random sampling and opportunity sampling.
- Select or critique sampling technqiues in the context of solving a statistical problem.
- Understand that different samples can lead to different conclusions about the population.
- Be familiar with and be able to critique systematic, stratified, cluster and quota sampling.
A-level Mathematics (Statistics)
Full Revision Notes
(OCR A Syllabus)
Statistical Sampling
Data Presentation and Interpretation
- Interpret tables and diagrams for single-variable data: vertical line charts, dot plots, bar charts, stem-and-leaf diagrams, box-and-whisker plots, cumulative frequency diagrams and histograms.
- Understand, in context, the advantages and disadvantages of different statistical diagrams.
- Interpret scatter diagrams and regression lines for bivariate data.
- Recognise scatter diagram which include distinct sections of the population.
- Understand informal interpretation of correlation.
- Understand that correlation does not imply causation.
- Calculate and interpret measures of central tendency and variation including mean,median,mode,percentile,quartile,inter-quartile range, standard deviation and variance.
- Understand standard deviation is the root mean square deviation from the mean.
- Use the mean and standard deviation to compare distributions.
- Calculate mean and standard deviation from a list of data, from summary statistics or a frequency distribution using calculator statistical functions.
- Understand in the case of grouped frequency distribution the calculated mean and standard deviation are estimates.
- Recognise and be able to interpet possible outliers in data sets and statistical diagrams.
- Select or critique data presentation techniques in the context of a statistical problem.
- Be able to clean data, including dealing with missing data, errors and outliers.
Probability
Introduction
- Understand and be able to use mutually exclusive and independent events when calculating probabilities.
- Use appropriate diagrams to assist in the calculation of probabilities, including tree diagrams, sample space diagrams and Venn diagrams.
Set Notation
- Understand and use set notation and venn diagrams.
Conditional Probability
- Understand and be able to use conditional probabilty, including the use of tree diagrams, Venn diagrams and two-way tables.
- Understand the concept of conditial probability and calculate it from first principles in given contexts.
- Understand and be able to use the conditional probability formula.
Modelling Examples
- Be able to model with probability including critiquing asssumptions made and the likely effect of more realistic assumptions.
Statistical Distributions
Summary
Discrete Probability Distributions
- Understand and be able to use simple, finite, discrete probability distributions, defined in the form of a table or formula
Binomial Probability Distributions
- Understand and be able to use the binomial distribution as a model.
- Be able to calculate the probabilities using the binomial distribution, using appropriate calculator functions.
- Understand and be able to use the formula for probability and notation.
- Understand the conditions for a random variable to havve a binomial distribution.
- Be able to identify which of the modelling conditions/assumptions are relevant to a given scenario and explain them in context.
- Understand the distinction between conditions and assumptions.
Normal Distributions
- Understand and be able to use the normal distribution as a model.
- Understand and be able to use the notation for a normal distribution.
- Be able to find probabilities using the normal distribution using appropriate calculator functions.
- Understand links to histograms, mean and standard deviation.
- Understand the standard normal distribution and the transformation.
- Know and be able to use the facts about a normal distribution and the amount of data contained within standard deviations of the mean.
- The equation of the normal curve is excluded.
- Be able to select an appropriate probability distribution for a context with appropriate reasoning.
- Recognise when the binomial or normal may model may not be appropriate.
- Understand that a given binomial distribution with large n can be approximated by a normal distribution.